تأثير بعض المبيدات الحشرية و العمليات الزراعية في الحدّ من انتشار الفيروسات المسببة لاصفرار الحمص في سورية

Abstract EN

Field experiments were conducted in Syria during the 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 growing seasons to study the effect of some insecticides, agricultural practices (sugar beet borders, zero tillage) and different genotypes of chickpea on spread of viruses causing yellowing on chickpea in Syria.

TBIA results showed that randomly selected chickpea plants showing stunt and yellowing symptoms were infected with Luteoviruses (Luteoviridae) in 96.0% of the cases.

Non-significant differences in the proportion of chickpea plants exhibiting stunt and yellowing/reddening symptoms were recorded for experimental plots surrounded with sugar beet border in comparison with nonsurrounded plots sown in winter and spring.

The infection of spring chickpea cultivars/lines with Luteoviruses was significantly reduced by the application of Gaucho® in comparison with Actara insecticide; the rate of reduction was 42.3%, whereas the yield was increased by 19.9%.

The increase in Gaucho® efficacy was not significant when applied as seed treatment in winter sowing time.

To the contrary, the reduction in the rate of viral infection was less (25.8%) for pre application of Actara insecticide on spring chickpea, but the seed yield was decreased by 8.1%.

The performance of Actara on winter chickpea was 51.4 and 22.4%, respectively, and was significantly better than Gaucho® when applied on winter sown plants.

The best result was achieved by applying the two insecticides together for both winter and spring sowing chickpeas; the rates of infection reduction were 66.21 and 64.5%, respectively, whereas the yield was significantly increased by 30.7 and 32.1%, respectively in comparison with the non-treated control.

The performance of tested chickpea cultivars/lines to luteoviruses under natural infection conditions in both sowing dates significantly varied, with virus incidence fluctuated between 2.2 and 14.9% in winter sown cultivars/lines, and 0.9-11.8% in spring sown cultivars/lines.

FLIP 93-93C and FLIP 01-51C cultivars/lines were the most resistant in winter sown chickpeas, whereas FLIP 01-39C was the most resistant in spring sown chickpea.

FLIP 00-14C and ICC15566 were the most susceptible cultivars/lines to luteoviruses in winter and spring sown plantings, respectively.

The incidence with Luteoviruses was decreased (39.9%) when zero tillage was applied, while chickpea yield was increased by 61.5% in comparison with traditional tillage.