Assessment of some heavy metals pollution in water, sediments and Barbus xanthopterus (Heckel, 1843)‎ in tigris river at Baghdad City

Other Title(s)

تقييم التلوث ببعض العناصر الثقيلة في مياه و رواسب و سمك القطان Barbus xanthopterus (Heckel-1843)‎ في نهر دجله عند مدينة بغداد

Dissertant

Balasim, Halah Majid

Thesis advisor

Rabi, Adil Mishan
al-Azzawi, Muhammad Nafi Ali

Comitee Members

Abbas, Ithar K.
al-Alujy, Sabah Nasir
Nashat, Muhannad R.

University

University of Baghdad

Faculty

College of Science

Department

Department of Biology

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2013

English Abstract

The present work evaluated the concentrations of cadmium, zinc and manganese in filtered water and the sediments of Tigris River.

The same metals were measured in the tissues of muscles, intestine and gills of Ghattan fish that were collected from the study area.

The study also identified the physical and chemical properties of the water.

The severity of pollution of river sediments with studied heavy metals were assessed by using sediment pollution indexes such as geo-accumulation index (I-geo), pollution load index (PLI), contamination factor (Cf), contamination degree (Cd), enrichment factor (EF), and potential ecological risk index (Eif).

Four sampling stations were selected to conduct the study in Tigris River in Baghdad city.

The samples were taken from the study stations at once every two months from October of 2011 until August 2012.

The study results showed that the mean concentrations heavy metals (cadmium, zinc and manganese) were 0.004 ppm, 0.023 ppm and 0.007 ppm, respectively in filtered water.

Concentrations of these metals in filtered water of Tigris River showed seasonal variations during the study period and they were within permissible limit for Iraqi standard specifications.

Whereas, the mean concentrations of cadmium, zinc and manganese in sediments were 1.38 ppm, 86 ppm and 231.4 ppm, respectively.

Concentrations of these metals in sediments showed significant seasonal variations and they were significantly higher than their levels in the water.

In fish muscles tissues the mean concentrations of cadmium, zinc and manganese were 0.0043 ppm, 0.0023 ppm and 0.03 ppm, respectively.

The average of cadmium, zinc and manganese in the intestinal tissue of fish were 0.01 ppm, 0.0023 ppm and 0.03 ppm, respectively.

The average 7 concentrations of same heavy metals in gills were 0.0121 ppm, 0.0026 ppm and 0.089 ppm, respectively.

The results of the present study showed that the metal concentrations in tissues of muscles, intestine and gills were several times higher than water and lower than sediments.

These findings were confirmed by value of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and bio-sedimentation factor (BSF).

Physical and chemical properties of river water recorded several values ranged between 12-420C, 9-320C, 6.9-8.2, 400- 810 μs/cm, 220-450 mg/l, 5.65-10.97 mg/l, 450 - 844 mg/l, 200-550 mg/l for air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solid and total hardness, respectively in study area.

Which related with assessment of sediments pollution by using the ecological indexes, the results of geo-accumulation index (I-geo) for studied heavy metals cleared that the studied stations were unpolluted with Zn and Mn, while moderately polluted with Cd except station one that recorded slightly polluted with it.

The values of pollution load index (PLI) showed that both of the stations 1 and 2 were unpolluted with total studied metals, while station 3 and 4 were polluted with total studied metals.

The results of contamination factor (Cf) observed that all the stations recorded considerable contamination with Cd, while low contamination with Zn was observed in all stations except the station 4 that recorded moderate contamination with it, while the sediments recorded low contamination with Mn in all studied stations.

Based on results of degree of contamination (Cd) indicates that the station 1 and 2 showed low degree of pollution with studied metals, while other stations showed moderate pollution.

In addition to this the enrichment factor results (EF) showed that all stations can be classified as moderate enrichment with Zn and significant enrichment with Cd for all stations except station 4 was recorded very high enrichment.

8 Depending on potential ecological risk index for studied heavy metals the Cd recorded relatively high degree from potential ecological risk in the station 1, 2 and 3, while the station 4 which recorded a very high degree from risk potential, whereas the values of same index showed that Zn is not a potentially risk for all studied stations.

Main Subjects

Earth Sciences, Water and Environment

Topics

• Fishes
• Pollution
• Heavy minerals
• Water
• Iraq
• Tigris River
• Sediments

No. of Pages

159

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-597964