Integrated effect of sunflower residues and chevalier on weeds of wheat and growth of mycorrhiza

Other Title(s)

تأثير التكامل بين مخلفات زهرة الشمس و مبيد الشيفالير في مكافحة أدغال محصول الحنطة و نمو المايكورايزا

Dissertant

al-Eqaili, Sra Nasif Muslim

Thesis advisor

al-Sadawi, Ibrahim Shaban
Abbud, Hadi Mahdi

Comitee Members

al-Shahwany, Ayyad W.
Ulwan, Abd Aun H.
Shatti, Risan K.
Shahid, Abd Allah Ibrahim
al-Jabburi, Muna H.

University

University of Baghdad

Faculty

College of Science

Department

Department of Biology

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Ph.D.

Degree Date

2014

English Abstract

A set of experiments was performed to test the allelopathic potential of sunflower residues alone or in combination with reduced rate (50% of recommended dose) of chevalier herbicide on weeds, wheat crop and growth of mycorrhiza associated with wheat roots.

The field experiment was conducted during 2012-2013 season at the Research Farm of Biology Department, College of Science, Baghdad University by using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications to test the effect of sunflower residues at 3 and 6 t ha-1 alone or in combination with reduced dose of Chevalier (150 g ha-1) on weed and wheat crop.

Weedy check and label rate of chevalier were also included for comparison.

Each treatment was replicated four times.

Total phenolics in field soil amended with sunflower residues at 6 t ha-1 was determined during different periods after sowing.

Mycorrhizal sporulation was determined during different growth stages of wheat and colonization rate and intensity were determined at flowering stage of wheat.

Result showed that incorporation of sunflower residues at 3 t ha-1 reduced weed density by 88 and 97% of control after 90 and 120 days after sowing (DAS), respectively.

The reduction was increased when sunflower residues were incorporated at 6 t ha-1 and reached to 89 and 78% of the control after 90 and 120 DAS, respectively.

However, the suppression of weed population and dry weight biomass was further improved when the plots were treated with 50% of labeled rate of herbicide and amended with sunflower residues.

Integration of reduced herbicide rate and sunflower residues at 3 t ha-1 and 6 t ha-1 resulted in more weed suppression than sole application of the respected sunflower residues.

The results also revealed that weed suppression was directly translated into yield of wheat.

Application of Chevalier herbicide at 50% rate in plots amended with sunflower residue at rates of 3 t ha-1 resulted in similar biological and grain yields, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike and harvest index was achieved by the label herbicide rate treatment.

Chemical analyses indicated that total phenolics started to increase at 14 and 28 days of decomposition and declined thereafter until vanished 6 weeks of decomposition.

Biological activity test of field soil revealed that suppression of Malva rotundifolia weed was highly correlated with total phenolics of soil suggesting that high weed suppression was mainly due to high activity of phenolics.

With respect to mycorrhizal studies, the number of spores in field soil amended with sunflower residues was significantly increased at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of residue decomposition compared to the control treatment (without sunflower residue).

At flowering stage, it was found that chevalier at reduced (50% of the label rate) rate applied to plots amended with sunflower residue at 3 t ha-1 scored spore number significantly lower than that of the control treatment, but when the reduced dose was applied to plots amended with higher residues rate, the number of spores was significantly increased over the control.

Sunflower residues incorporated in to field soil at rates of 3 t ha-1 increased rate and intensity of colonization by 49% and 44% of control, respectively.

Application of reduced dose of herbicide on plants grown in plots amended with sunflower residues significantly increased rate of colonization compared to the control.

Main Subjects

Botany

Topics

No. of Pages

124

Table of Contents

Table of contents.

Abstract.

Abstract in Arabic.

Chapter One : Literatures review.

Chapter Two : Material and methods.

Chapter Three : Results.

Chapter Four : Discussion.

Conclusions and recommendations.

References.

American Psychological Association (APA)

al-Eqaili, Sra Nasif Muslim. (2014). Integrated effect of sunflower residues and chevalier on weeds of wheat and growth of mycorrhiza. (Doctoral dissertations Theses and Dissertations Master). University of Baghdad, Iraq
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-599152

Modern Language Association (MLA)

al-Eqaili, Sra Nasif Muslim. Integrated effect of sunflower residues and chevalier on weeds of wheat and growth of mycorrhiza. (Doctoral dissertations Theses and Dissertations Master). University of Baghdad. (2014).
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-599152

American Medical Association (AMA)

al-Eqaili, Sra Nasif Muslim. (2014). Integrated effect of sunflower residues and chevalier on weeds of wheat and growth of mycorrhiza. (Doctoral dissertations Theses and Dissertations Master). University of Baghdad, Iraq
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-599152

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-599152