الآثار الناشئة عن الطبيعة القانونية لمسؤولية الناقل البحري على إدراج شرط الإعفاء من المسؤولية : دراسة تحليلية في إطار قوانين التجارة البحرية و اتفاقيتي “بروكسل و هامبورج”

Abstract EN

It is known that the penalty for establishing civil liability arises from the breach of an existing obligation, whether liability is based on a contractual obligation (liability on contract) or a statutory obligation (liability on tort).

Jurisprudence and court decisions tend to distinguish between these two kinds of liability when it comes 'to examining exclusion of liability clauses.

This article focuses on the civil consequences of the legal nature of the liability of sea carriers.

It is important to determine whether the carrier’s obligation is one of achieving a certain end-result or one of exerting due diligence.

The period of responsibility of the carrier will also be examined.

The article also examined the validity of exemption clauses inserted by the sea carrier in a contract of carriage by sea under national laws, such as the French, Jordanian, Egyptian and tJAE laws as well as under relevant international conventions, namely Bessel and Hamburg Conventions.

The article conduced that an excision of liability clause inserted in a contract of carriage by sea or any related document is invalid, while the rest of the contract remains valid.