مبدأ التمييز الإيجابي لصالح النساء و تطبيقاته في العراق

Abstract EN

All laws convene on feminism, and the legislations are legislated around the world to be applied on all workers on private and public institutions without discrimination that based on gender.

The concept of affirmative action depends on the principle of priority to deal with minorities based on ethnicity, color, religion gender or origin.

It is represented on distinguishing marginalized groups in employment, education or works to repair the discrimination that was carried out against them before.

This concept was firstly used in The United States in 1962, under the President John.F Kennedy, when he signed an executive presidential order that required procedures to prohibit discrimination in employment and education against minorities based on ethnicity, gender, nationalism or color.

It aims to distribute justice and equality, under pressure from American Civil Rights Movement which tries to eliminate the discrimination against minorities which was common in The United States in its formal and informal institutions including universities.

As that, the concept of affirmative action appeared in the political French dictionary before thirty years ago, and it was firstly used in French media in 1987.

Since that the right of equal in rights and duties became restricted with cosmic and universal principles, integration and threading of freedoms, human rights, and values of solidarity and forgiveness between individuals, categories and generations which allow devoting and acceptance of affirmative action.

Wherefore, we find that 85 countries in the world applied the affirmative action principle for women, although there are no constitutional texts which confirm that, even if there are some constitutions, but they are considered it as a temporary procedure until the discrimination against women be eliminated.