الكشف عن مورثتي aflR و omt-1 لتحديد السلالات الفطرية المفرزة لسموم الأفلاتوكسينات

الملخص EN

Mycotoxins cause economic losses such as productivity decrease, and health problems for humans and animals like immunity weakness, mutations, cancer and death if consumed at high levels.

This research aimed to investigate the fungal species associated with Zea mays L.

grains that are stored stored in the warehouses of the animal wealth research administration in Rural Damascus (Syria), isolate them, and study the percentage of these fungi, and to detect the fungal strains which excrete the aflatoxins, define Aflatoxins types using official methods, and to discriminate the aflatoxinogenic and nonaflatoxinogenic strains by PCR technique to detect the existence of two genes aflR and omt-1.

The results showed that the fungi (Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Mucor spp.

and Rhizopus spp) were associated with corn, additionaly, there were dynamic series of their occurrence, and the genus Penicillium was dominant in all seasons except in spring where the genus Aspergillus was the most dominant and distributed.

Eleven fungal strains as aflatoxigenic species belonging to A.

flavus and A.

parasiticus were defined from 20 strains.

The percentage of aflatoxigenic strains of A.

flavus was 80%, and none of them produced aflatoxins Gi and G2.

The species A.

oryzae, A.

niger, Penicillium verrucosum and Fusarium verticillioides did not produce any type of aflatoxins.

Results showed that aflatoxin Bi was the most excreted, and the statistical analysis showed significant differences between drains in excreting specific aflatoxins.

Strain sy 8 of A.

Flavus was excreted the highest concentration of aflatoxin Bi (1782.9 ppb).

We could discriminate aflatoxigenic strains by targeting two Genes aflR and omt-1.

This research concluded that PCR technique is fast, sensitive, less costly and provide more precaution to detect aflatoxin contaminations, and it can be used for primarily detection of aflatoxigenic fungi.