التحولات الشكلية و المضامينية لصورة الآلهة عشتار في طبقات الأختام الأسطوانية العراقية القديمة

Abstract EN

The current research (the formal and integrative transformations of the image of the goddess Ishtar in ancient Iraqi cylinder seals) dealt with the transformations of form and content of the image of the goddess Ishtar in cylindrical seals and epochs (historical, Sumerian and Akkadian).

Therefore, the researcher sought in the first chapter to clarify the problem of research and its importance and need, as well as the goal of research, which represents the following: "I know the transformations formal and integrative image of the gods Ishtar in the editions of the cylinder seals of ancient Iraq" and then concluded the researcher chapter by identifying the terms that have a direct relationship to the title of research and its objectives.

The second chapter included a presentation of the theoretical framework and previous studies.

It consisted of two sections.

The first was the intellectual and religious structure of the ancient civilization of Iraq.

The second chapter dealt with the structure of the technical technique of cylindrical seals in the ancient civilization of Iraq.

The third chapter was devoted to monitoring the research society and the tool that included the collection of information.

The samples were adopted deliberately.

Analyze them according to the axes of the analysis tool adopted by the researcher.

The fourth chapter included the results of the research, which included:- 1 - the type of sculptor of ancient Iraq throughout the ages (similar to the historical and Sumerian and Akkadian), in the form of the gods (Ishtar) borrowed symbols from the environment (Kasbah) six rings, and (Kasbah) and square octagonal leaves, while the gods appeared (Ishtar) Humanity (woman).

This in itself is a major shift in the character of the form inspired by reality through the ages of civilization.

2 - Reflected the symbols of the image of the gods (Ishtar) reflective power of the old Iraqi, came to express the forces of fertility and reproduction and development in the era similar to the historical, as well as in the Sumerian era and this is due to the fact that the old Iraqi at that stage was interested in the forces of fertility and agriculture and harvesting and breeding, The goddess (Ishtar) is about war and strength, and this is due to the Akkadian interest in the authoritarian and military side and the expansion of the Akkadian state more than their interest in fertility and reproduction.

This is a transformation in the content of the gods Ishtar through the ages of civilization.

And then the conclusions that emerged through the possibility of achieving the objectives of research through the tool designed by the researcher, including: -1 - The images of cylindrical cylinder prints reflected the problems of religious thought, by referring them to imagined visual systems full of coding directed towards the absolute and the invisible powers.

2 - The ancient Iraqi sculptor showed the image of his deity imagined by multiple bodies and that is why these gods formed a great importance and influential in the structure of the old Iraqi society and emerged with human dignity because it gave them the qualities of human beings, but distinguished it from the form of immortality and although this attribute also met with contradictions in ancient Iraqi myths The death of Enkidu, the friend of Kilgames, and the death of God Demozi, the husband of the gods of Ishtar, and his resurrection came as a reflection of this contradiction.

And emerged with the creation of symbols of the cosmic universe to add the characteristics and potentialities of those elements, and emerged with the creation of environmental elements to give them qualities related to the environment, agriculture, fertility and reproduction .