أهمية البيئة النفسية لصانع القرار في توجيه السياسة الخارجية الأمريكية : دراسة حالة الرئيس الأمريكي دونالد ترامب

Abstract EN

This study aims to highlight the importance of the informal determinants of a decision-maker (psychological and cognitive ones) in directing his different policies; especially the foreign one.

So, if the process of analyzing and explaining the external behavior since the thirties of the last century has been limited into two formal trends: legal and institutional ones; then, the emergence and development of the behavioral trend in the early fifties of the twentieth century and the accompanying partial theories as; Decision- Making Theory, Leadership and Reputation approaches, lead the make researchers focus on a new component: «the Individual Decision Maker" as an important unit analysis in forming and preparing foreign decisions.

This is what the present paper aims to analyze, focusing on Harold and Sprout's psychological approach in analyzing the behavior of the foreign decision-maker.

The importance of this study comes firstly from the role of the maker of the foreign decision psychological environment in defining different psychological approaches that deals with the role of the individual as a determinant in any political change process, with an accurate epistemological definition of all concepts that supports the semantic field of the research, then, highlighting and analyzing the US foreign policy- the international decision-maker- through the personality of the president "Donald Trump"; (his psychological environment, philosophy, perceptions, and his faith) in its impacts on directing America's current foreign policy.

key words: Psychological environment; decision maker; approaches; foreign policy; Donald Trump;