في مفهوم اللغة عند دي سوسير

Abstract EN

De Saussure did not provide an Aristotelian definition for language but he clarified clearly the concept of language through distinguishing it from other things that associate with every linguistic act, therefore, it will be illogical to search in de Saussure's Course in General Linguistics for such Aristotelian definitions which are so familiar in the Arabic books of grammar.

It is also illogical to compare de Saussure's book or any chapter of it with an Aristotelian definition even if that definition is near from de Saussure's concepts of language.

This mistake was committed by Al-Nuaimi who compare between de Saussure's book and Ibin Jinni's Aristotelian definition of languages as "sounds used by each nation to communicate their purposes." The researcher discusses what Al- Naimi said in this regard coming to the conclusion that de Saussure did not aim at defining the language focusing on one of its aspects.

De Saussure defined the language through showing its general features, distinct characteristics, special meanings which give a clear unambiguous picture for the language from different various angles.

Each angle reveals one or more than one of these features, characteristics or meanings.

The researcher shows that the Saussurean concept of language is obtained from the total sum of all these features, characteristics and meanings.

According to de Saussure language is not understood from one aspect but from various aspects.

It is a social fact, a psychological phenomenon, a semiotic sign not a material, a synchronic group of values, a systematic structure, and a group of values.

It is not one meaning but all the meanings that cannot be clarified by an Arstotelian definition since its clarification needs specification, description, explanation and gradation of concept formation.