Increased Risk for Vitamin D Deficiency in Obese Children with Both Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract EN

Background.

It is unknown whether the coexistence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) increases the risk for vitamin D deficiency.

Aims.

To determine the vitamin D status and the risk for vitamin D deficiency in prepubertal children with both T1D and CD compared to controls, TID, and CD.

Subjects and Methods.

Characteristics of 62 prepubertal children of age 2–13 y with either CD + T1D ( n = 22 , 9.9 ± 3.1 y), CD only ( n = 18 , 8.9 ± 3.3 y), or T1D only ( n = 22 , 10.1 ± 2.8 y) were compared to 49 controls of the age of 8.0 ± 2.6 years.

Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L, overweight as BMI of >85th but <95th percentile, and obesity as BMI > 95th percentile.

Results.

The 4 groups had no difference in 25(OH)D (ANOVA P = 0.123 ) before stratification into normal-weight versus overweight/obese subtypes.

Following stratification, 25(OH)D differed significantly between the subgroups ( F ( 3,98 ) = 10.109 , ANOVA P < 0.001 ).

Post-hoc analysis showed a significantly lower 25(OH)D in the overweight/obese CD + T1D compared to the overweight/obese controls ( P = 0.039 ) and the overweight/obese CD ( P = 0.003 ).

Subjects with CD + T1D were 3 times more likely to be vitamin D deficient (OR = 3.1 [0.8–11.9], P = 0.098 ), compared to controls.

Conclusions.

The coexistence of T1D and CD in overweight/obese prepubertal children may be associated with lower vitamin D concentration.