Clostridium difficile with MoxifloxacinClindamycin Resistance in Vegetables in Ohio, USA, and Prevalence Meta-Analysis
Joint Authors
Rodriguez-Palacios, Alex
Ilic, Sanja
LeJeune, Jeffrey T.
Source
Issue
Vol. 2014, Issue 2014 (31 Dec. 2014), pp.1-7, 7 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2014-12-11
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
7
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
We (i) determined the prevalence of Clostridium difficile and their antimicrobial resistance to six antimicrobial classes, in a variety of fresh vegetables sold in retail in Ohio, USA, and (ii) conducted cumulative meta-analysis of reported prevalence in vegetables since the 1990s.
Six antimicrobial classes were tested for their relevance as risk factors for C.
difficile infections (CDIs) (clindamycin, moxifloxacin) or their clinical priority as exhaustive therapeutic options (metronidazole, vancomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline).
By using an enrichment protocol we isolated C.
difficile from three of 125 vegetable products (2.4%).
All isolates were toxigenic, and originated from 4.6% of 65 vegetables cultivated above the ground ( n = 3 ; outer leaves of iceberg lettuce, green pepper, and eggplant).
Root vegetables yielded no C.
difficile.
The C.
difficile isolates belonged to two PCR ribotypes, one with an unusual antimicrobial resistance for moxifloxacin and clindamycin (lettuce and pepper; 027-like, A+B+CDT+; tcdC 18 bp deletion); the other PCR ribotype (eggplant, A+B+ CDT−; classic tcdC) was susceptible to all antimicrobials.
Results of the cumulative weighted meta-analysis (6 studies) indicate that the prevalence of C.
difficile in vegetables is 2.1% and homogeneous ( P < 0.001 ) since the first report in 1996 (2.4%).
The present study is the first report of the isolation of C.
difficile from retail vegetables in the USA.
Of public health relevance, antimicrobial resistance to moxifloxacin/clindamycin (a bacterial-associated risk factor for severe CDIs) was identified on the surface of vegetables that are consumed raw.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Rodriguez-Palacios, Alex& Ilic, Sanja& LeJeune, Jeffrey T.. 2014. Clostridium difficile with MoxifloxacinClindamycin Resistance in Vegetables in Ohio, USA, and Prevalence Meta-Analysis. Journal of Pathogens،Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1042747
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Rodriguez-Palacios, Alex…[et al.]. Clostridium difficile with MoxifloxacinClindamycin Resistance in Vegetables in Ohio, USA, and Prevalence Meta-Analysis. Journal of Pathogens No. 2014 (2014), pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1042747
American Medical Association (AMA)
Rodriguez-Palacios, Alex& Ilic, Sanja& LeJeune, Jeffrey T.. Clostridium difficile with MoxifloxacinClindamycin Resistance in Vegetables in Ohio, USA, and Prevalence Meta-Analysis. Journal of Pathogens. 2014. Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1042747
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1042747