التحديات العسكرية التي واجهت حكم السلطان سنجر و أثرها في إضعاف السلطنة السلجوقية (513-552 ه-1119-1157م)‎

Abstract EN

The Military Challenges that face Sultan Sanjar's Rule and its impact on the weakening of the Seljuk Sultanate (513-552 A.

H.

/1119-1157 A.

D.

)Sultan Sanjar is one of the greatest sultans like his father, Sultan Malikshah, and his grandfather, Sultan Alp Arslan.

He has a great military strength besides his wisdom and knowledge that qualified him to reach the Sultanate after a powerful struggle between his brothers.

He managed to subjugate the cities, countries and territories to his authority including Iraq, Bilad Al-Sham, Diyar bakir, Al-Jazira, Azerbaijan, Al-Haramain, Transoxiana, Khorasan.

Such areas were safe in his time.

He was named the “Great Sultan” because he was able to restore the prestige of the Seljuk state.

However, his power gradually weakened for several reasons, first, the military challenges that faced his sultanate, especially of the neighboring countries, second, his wars in the villages of Qara Khatai, Kawarizmyeen, Ghurids, and the Turkish Ghaz tribes that captured him after being loyal to him and paid their taxes.

His death ended the era of the great Seljuks of the East without being listed.

The research includes an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion.

The first section discusses the conflict of power between the sons of Sultan Malkshah until Sanjar took the rule.

The second talks about the military challenges that face Sultan Sanjar from neighboring countries and their consequences on his rule.

The third section examines the conflict between the tribes of Ghaz, Gammaj, Balkh governor, and the military confrontation between the forces of Sultan Sanjar and Asaker Al-Ghaz and its consequences on the Sultanate.

Finally, the conclusion records the most important results of the research.