دور الدول الأوربية في تردي الأوضاع الداخلية و الخارجية للدولة العثمانية زمن السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني 1876-1908

Abstract EN

European countries played a major role in the deterioration of the internal and external conditions of the Ottoman Empire before and during the accession of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, 1876-1908 AD, whose reign is one of the most swing times between success and frustration, while the various European countries began to fight any reform attempt appears throughout the Ottoman Empire; Because it would threaten its interests, therefore, the signs of weakness and collapse, and changed those interests with the change of global conditions, the strategic location of the Ottoman Empire placed in the position of direct confrontation with Britain, which seeks to ensure access to its colonies in India; Its foreign presence, especially the French and American presence in missionary missions, schools, colleges and hospitals, which require protection as foreign interests, has pushed these countries to raise problems both at home from provoking nationalism in the various areas of the Ottoman Empire, and their repeated attempts Demanding reforms, as well as inciting European countries to Russia to enter the war with the Ottoman Empire, which was in an enviable situation, and sought to link them to treaties and agreements humiliating aimed at the dissolution of large parts of their property, and achieved it with water The Ottoman Empire at the hands of the Union and Progress in 1908 despite attempts by the Sultan Abdul Hamid to stand firm against those countries.