الحملات الرومانية ضد مملكة جرمة (مابين 19 ق. م-117 م)‎

Abstract EN

After the Romans succeed to occupy the three cities of the Emporia (Tripoli, ouiat, and Sabratha), they looked to the interior regions of Libya and how to penetrate the desert to encircle the Kingdom of Gramantes, which has become a force to be reckoned with, especially since the criminals were controlling the commercial centers linking the coast with the regions In the interior, there were military campaigns that enabled the Romans to penetrate towards the south, got acquainted with the geography of those areas, and tried to reach the sources of desert trade, and the most important of these campaigns was the campaign of Cornelius Balbus in 19 BC, which penetrated the northern borders of the kingdom of Germa (Fezzan) and subjugated many settlements in the Fezzan region The second campaign was led by Valerius Festus in 80 AD.

These two campaigns were hostile, with the exception of Julius Matrinius's expeditionary campaign, accompanied by one of the kings of Germa, to the country of Chad after the peace prevailed between the two warring parties during the reign of Emperor Trajanus 98-117AD.

.