Sources and Toxicity of Mercury in the San Francisco Bay Area, Spanning California and Beyond
Joint Authors
Subramanian, Mani
Kolipinski, Mietek
Kristen, Kristina
Borish, Steven
Ditta, Stacy
Source
Journal of Environmental and Public Health
Issue
Vol. 2020, Issue 2020 (31 Dec. 2020), pp.1-17, 17 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2020-09-15
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
17
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
This report synthesizes and evaluates published scientific literature on the environmental occurrence and biomagnification of mercury with emphasis on the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA), California.
Mercury forms various compounds, well known for their toxicity in humans and environmental ecosystems.
Elemental mercury is transported and distributed by air, water, and sediments.
Through the metabolic processes of algae and bacteria, mercury is converted into organic compounds, such as methylmercury (MeHg), which then bioaccumulates up through trophic levels.
In fish, it is found primarily in skeletal muscle, while in humans, the primary target organs are the brain and kidneys.
Health concerns exist regarding bioaccumulation of mercury in humans.
This paper reviews the known anthropogenic sources of mercury contamination, including atmospheric deposition through aerial transport from coal burning power plants, cement production, and residual contaminants of mercury from gold mining, as well as mercury-containing waste from silver amalgams emitted from dental offices into waterways.
Although tools exist for measuring mercury levels in hair, breast milk, urine, blood, and feces in humans, current diagnostic tools are inadequate in measuring total mercury load, including deposited mercury in tissues.
Additionally, insufficient attention is being paid to potential synergistic impacts of mercury interaction with multipliers such as lead, cadmium, and aluminum.
We provide specific data on methylmercury concentrations at different trophic levels, followed by recommendations for reducing the level of mercury in the SFBA in order to protect the health of humans and other species.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Kolipinski, Mietek& Subramanian, Mani& Kristen, Kristina& Borish, Steven& Ditta, Stacy. 2020. Sources and Toxicity of Mercury in the San Francisco Bay Area, Spanning California and Beyond. Journal of Environmental and Public Health،Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1184429
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Kolipinski, Mietek…[et al.]. Sources and Toxicity of Mercury in the San Francisco Bay Area, Spanning California and Beyond. Journal of Environmental and Public Health No. 2020 (2020), pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1184429
American Medical Association (AMA)
Kolipinski, Mietek& Subramanian, Mani& Kristen, Kristina& Borish, Steven& Ditta, Stacy. Sources and Toxicity of Mercury in the San Francisco Bay Area, Spanning California and Beyond. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2020. Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1184429
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1184429