Adequacy of the Fogging Test in the Detection of Clinically Significant Hyperopia in School-Aged Children
Joint Authors
Falcão-Reis, Fernando M.
Ferreira, Carla Sofia
Meira, Jorge
Breda, Jorge
Esteves Leandro, João
Santos-Silva, Renato
Freitas-Costa, Paulo
Magalhães, Augusto
Source
Issue
Vol. 2019, Issue 2019 (31 Dec. 2019), pp.1-5, 5 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2019-08-05
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
5
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Purpose.
To evaluate the efficacy of the “fogging test,” performed with a +2 diopters (D) lens, in the exclusion of clinically significant hyperopia in school-aged children.
Methods.
We studied 54 children between 5 and 11 years of age, with 10/10 best-corrected bilateral visual acuity (VA) without significant degree of correction.
VA was assessed in each eye with a “bilateral” +2 D sphere over-refraction followed by cycloplegic retinoscopy.
The capacity of the test to detect hyperopia of ≥+2 D and ≥+1.5 D was evaluated by examining the respective receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and sensitivity and specificity values for different cutoff values of VA.
Results.
For the detection of hyperopia ≥+2 D, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.955 (p≤0.001).
The VA cutoff with best discriminative capacity was ≥5/10, with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 79%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 57%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%.
In respect of ≥+1.5 D hyperopia, the test capacity was lower (AUC = 0.832; p≤0.001).
The best VA cutoff was also of ≥5/10, with a PPV of 81% and a NPV of 85%.
Conclusion.
The accuracy of the test was high for the evaluation of ≥+2 D hyperopia but lower for ≥+1.5 D hyperopia.
For the detection of ≥+2 D hyperopia, the VA cutoff of <5/10 may permit the exclusion of clinically significant hyperopia in selected children, without the need for cycloplegia.
For the same cutoff, the PPV was low, meaning that in children with ≥5/10 VA cycloplegic refraction remains obligatory.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Esteves Leandro, João& Meira, Jorge& Ferreira, Carla Sofia& Santos-Silva, Renato& Freitas-Costa, Paulo& Magalhães, Augusto…[et al.]. 2019. Adequacy of the Fogging Test in the Detection of Clinically Significant Hyperopia in School-Aged Children. Journal of Ophthalmology،Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1185413
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Esteves Leandro, João…[et al.]. Adequacy of the Fogging Test in the Detection of Clinically Significant Hyperopia in School-Aged Children. Journal of Ophthalmology No. 2019 (2019), pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1185413
American Medical Association (AMA)
Esteves Leandro, João& Meira, Jorge& Ferreira, Carla Sofia& Santos-Silva, Renato& Freitas-Costa, Paulo& Magalhães, Augusto…[et al.]. Adequacy of the Fogging Test in the Detection of Clinically Significant Hyperopia in School-Aged Children. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2019. Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1185413
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1185413