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Children’s Behavioral Pain Cues: Implicit Automaticity and Control Dimensions in Observational Measures
Joint Authors
Fashler, Samantha R.
Craig, Kenneth D.
Sekhon, Kamal Kaur
Versloot, Judith
Lee, Spencer
Source
Issue
Vol. 2017, Issue 2017 (31 Dec. 2017), pp.1-10, 10 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2017-02-21
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
10
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Some pain behaviors appear to be automatic, reflexive manifestations of pain, whereas others present as voluntarily controlled.
This project examined whether this distinction would characterize pain cues used in observational pain measures for children aged 4–12.
To develop a comprehensive list of cues, a systematic literature search of studies describing development of children’s observational pain assessment tools was conducted using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science.
Twenty-one articles satisfied the criteria.
A total of 66 nonredundant pain behavior items were identified.
To determine whether items would be perceived as automatic or controlled, 277 research participants rated each on multiple scales associated with the distinction.
Factor analyses yielded three major factors: the “Automatic” factor included items related to facial expression, paralinguistics, and consolability; the “Controlled” factor included items related to intentional movements, verbalizations, and social actions; and the “Ambiguous” factor included items related to voluntary facial expressions.
Pain behaviors in observational pain scales for children can be characterized as automatic, controlled, and ambiguous, supporting a dual-processing, neuroregulatory model of pain expression.
These dimensions would be expected to influence judgments of the nature and severity of pain being experienced and the extent to which the child is attempting to control the social environment.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Sekhon, Kamal Kaur& Fashler, Samantha R.& Versloot, Judith& Lee, Spencer& Craig, Kenneth D.. 2017. Children’s Behavioral Pain Cues: Implicit Automaticity and Control Dimensions in Observational Measures. Pain Research and Management،Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1197363
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Sekhon, Kamal Kaur…[et al.]. Children’s Behavioral Pain Cues: Implicit Automaticity and Control Dimensions in Observational Measures. Pain Research and Management No. 2017 (2017), pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1197363
American Medical Association (AMA)
Sekhon, Kamal Kaur& Fashler, Samantha R.& Versloot, Judith& Lee, Spencer& Craig, Kenneth D.. Children’s Behavioral Pain Cues: Implicit Automaticity and Control Dimensions in Observational Measures. Pain Research and Management. 2017. Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1197363
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1197363