الاغتراب السياسي وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات لدى الشباب في إقليم كردستان العراق

Abstract EN

Political alienation stands at the forefront of psychological phenomena that disrupt the role of youth in developing the values of participation and political efficacy in their societies.

The politically alienated individual is frustrated by the political circumstances and feels isolated from the political regime.

He is overwhelmed by the sense of helplessness and inability to change, losing the enthusiasm and motivation to effectively participate in political activities.

The daily observations indicate that youth in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq have moved away from contributing to public political activities and stopped expressing their views and political positions.

In order to verify the initial validity of these assessments, a pilot study was conducted, by implementing a questionnaire consisting of five questions addressed to 80 university students.

The results provided an initial support to the current research's view that there is a need to explore the political alienation among the Kurdish youth by developing an appropriate scale for measuring it, analyzing its dimensions, estimating its prevalence, and revealing the nature of its correlational relations with accompanying demographic variables.

In order to achieve this, a multidimensional scale of political alienation has been developed based on the "Finifter" quadrant model, consisting of four subscales: Political Powerlessness (9 items) Political Meaninglessness (10 items) Political Normlessness (10 items) and Political Isolation (10 items).

Then this multidimensional scale was applied to a random sample of 400 Kurdish undergraduate university students from both genders) applied and humanities fields (who were randomly and equally chosen from a governmental university (Salahaddin University) and a private university (Cihan University).

Several results were drawn which led to a number of conclusions: -Political alienation has high levels and disturbing unusual prevalence levels among the Kurdish youth, especially in the case of political normlessness.

-The conceptual structure of political alienation works in a dual way, that is, it functions as a one dimensional) wholly (and multidimensional concept at the same time.

This provided unprecedented theoretical enrichment.

-Political alienation (as unidimensional and multidimensional) is concentrated in the high-alien youth category (53.50-69.25) %, followed by the middle and low category, -Political alienation) as unidimensional and multidimensional (is inversely related to the income, while those with governmental education excel in their political alienation comparatively to those with private education.

Also Males excel females in their political alienation.

-Both the age and educational background) applied and humanities fields (have no effect on political alienation variations, In light of these findings and conclusions, a few recommendations and proposals were presented.