مظاهر الحضارة الفارسية : اللغة-الكتابة-التعليم انموذجا

Abstract EN

The ancient inhabitants of Iran, spoke several languages, those What languages except dialects origin of dialects Indo- European group, and the first of these dialects are the ancient Persian language, one of the languages of south-western Iran, has been without Achaemenids this language and handwriting cuneiform Achaemenids inscriptions carved on the rocks, Also known Achaemenids the Aramaic language and took them Achaemenid King (Darius I )the official language of his kingdom, and it was as a result of the founding of the Greek colonies erected by Alexander the Great and the Seleucids in a different part of Iran to spread the Greek language and became one of the official languages in the country, And developed the ancient Persian language and branched out into two Alavstaiah language of the Bible the Avesta, and The Pahlavi (the middle Persian), it has been divided in two phases Pahlavi Alvrthyh or Alashkanah the official language of the state Alvrthyh, and Pahlavi or Fahloah Sasanian the official language in the Sassanian era and it has been used since the beginning the third century until the entry of Arab Muslims to Iran in the seventh century.

Language The Pahlavi absolute in Iran was not in the Sassanian era Besides Alarmah language, which has become known as Syriac, was Alsgdah circulating in the provinces of eastern Iran and also Alsagiih Language which is the sum of the Iranian languages spoken by the people of Balkh, resulting in Sassanid The Pahlavi interact with Arabic as the language I knew a new Persian-Dari They represent modern Persian, which evolved into Persian known at the present time.

The writing Besides cuneiform Babylonian line Elamite and the line which is adapted originally from Sumerian cuneiform without Alakhmonaon inscriptions and their exploits on the rocks line the old Fahloa, the other adapted from cuneiform Babylonian line after simplify the difficult province decreased from three hundred clip to thirty six, and when the line the Aramean who excelled easily learned for adoption on Aaharov alphabet widespread in most parts of the Near East, Achaemenid King Darius I decided to adopt it in the writing of official documents in Persian, The decline in the use of cuneiform in the Parthian era and popularized the use Aramean Syriac line along the Greek-line, and with the beginning of the first century AD, the weakness of the use of language and the Greek Line began with extinction and restrict use of the Greek language on some of the empire destinations, either Sasanian line is the line Pahlavi, who codified extended inscriptions and writing.

The persian society was a class society.Formal education was confined to the construction of the upper classes;the construction of the lower classes was limited to three education objects The children of thr supervisors were receiving their education with the princes of the ruling house in the palace under the supervision of a special teacher and they werelearning to read ,write arithmetic, archery,equestrian ,fishing and chrss.At the age of Xlll.mental education and the physical person must have learned the origins of the religion as it came un the Avesta and its explanations.

The higher education was starting from the age of twenty ans has organized by the post to take over government positions,but the education of girls,it was limited to housekeeping except the upper classes.