دراسة مقارنة للقيادة التحكيمية : بين الحكام الدوليين و الدرجة الأولى بكرة القدم في العراق

Abstract EN

The researcher discussed the importance of leadership in the field of sports, especially in refereeing football, and the importance of research in identifying the comparison between international referees and the first degree, The problem of the research lies in the lack of a measuring scale the leadership of the referees of football.

The areas of research included the human field represented by the international referees and the first degree (2017-2018), The temporal scope of the period is from (15/3/2018) until (15/4/2018), Spatial field in referees' training courses.

The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method, The research sample consisted of (34 referees, The researcher applied the measure of arbitral leadership to the research sample The (SPSS) system was used to obtain the results of the research, The researcher concluded that the level of international referees in the driving scale is higher Few of the first-class referees, so the researcher recommends the attention of the Union in the development of the leadership attribute more as one of the basic requirements that raise the level of performance of the referees in league games.