Digital Image Steganography Using LSB Substitution, PVD, and EMD
Joint Authors
Swain, Gandharba
Pradhan, Anita
Sekhar, K. Raja
Source
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Issue
Vol. 2018, Issue 2018 (31 Dec. 2018), pp.1-11, 11 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2018-09-05
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
11
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
To protect from pixel difference histogram (PDH) analysis and RS analysis, two hybrid image steganography techniques by appropriate combination of LSB substitution, pixel value differencing (PVD), and exploiting modification directions (EMD) have been proposed in this paper.
The cover image is traversed in raster scan order and partitioned into blocks.
The first technique operates on 2 × 2 pixel blocks and the second technique operates on 3 × 3 pixel blocks.
For each block, the average pixel value difference, d, is calculated.
If d value is greater than 15, the block is in an edge area, so a combination of LSB substitution and PVD is applied.
If d value is less than or equal to 15, the block is in a smooth area, so a combination of LSB substitution and EMD is applied.
Each of these two techniques exists in two variants (Type 1 and Type 2) with respect to two different range tables.
The hiding capacities and PSNR of both the techniques are found to be improved.
The results from experiments prove that PDH analysis and RS analysis cannot detect these proposed techniques.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Pradhan, Anita& Sekhar, K. Raja& Swain, Gandharba. 2018. Digital Image Steganography Using LSB Substitution, PVD, and EMD. Mathematical Problems in Engineering،Vol. 2018, no. 2018, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1205843
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Pradhan, Anita…[et al.]. Digital Image Steganography Using LSB Substitution, PVD, and EMD. Mathematical Problems in Engineering No. 2018 (2018), pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1205843
American Medical Association (AMA)
Pradhan, Anita& Sekhar, K. Raja& Swain, Gandharba. Digital Image Steganography Using LSB Substitution, PVD, and EMD. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2018. Vol. 2018, no. 2018, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1205843
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1205843