حزب الحركة القومي و أثره في السياسة التركية 1969-1980

Abstract EN

Turkish nationalist trend emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century as a result of affecting a group of educated youth who studied in western universities ,especially in France.

They read many scripts that glorify the Turkish people and call for the state of Turan.

This resulted in establishing cultural communities with political agendas that for unifying the Turks in the state of Turan and abandon the Islamic orientation of the Othman empire that embarrassed many nationalities which only brought troubles and ignorance.

The nationalist trend was adopted as a method by modern leaders of the Turkish Republic and nationality became an article in the constitution in 1924.

Alparslan Türkeş was one of the major figures affected by Turkish nationalist ideology since the early forties of the twentieth century.

For him, it was the call for worldwide communism that began to sneak into the Turkish society.

This had its consequences on the democratic government and resulted in a coup in 1969.

Türkeş was one of the major contributors in leading that coup.

He was keen on military control on the government as long as possible which led to his suspension.

When he returned to Turkey, he started the political work through Nationalist Movement Party.

Then, he led the party in 1965 which was a great effect on the popularity of the party.

The constitution of 1965 was liberal which allowed the establishment of left parties.

This led to an intense between left movements and nationalist-Islamic ones.

In the late sixties, the Turkish political landscape witnessed a struggle among political parties.

This made Türkeş to establishing military training camps and established a militia called Grey Wolves which played a vital part against the left wing.

This struggle led to the coup of March 1971 and the domination of the military on the state in 1973.

The elections of 1973 led to shrouding the Turkish parties and establishing ministerial coalitions.

Small parties like Nationalist Movement Party played a great role in establishing the government ,especially, the first and the second nationalist front government.

The members of the party “Grey Wolves” took many positions in the government.

The economic and political circumstances in the late seventies started a struggle again between the left and the right.

The right wing was more organized and more effective.

This led to armed struggles in streets and universities with fatalities that reach 30 a day.

The economic situation was critical.

Nationalist Movement Party had a great role in this crisis.

This led to the coup of September 1980 and the domination of the military over the state.