دور مجتمع المدينة المنورة في مواجهة الأزمات خلال العصر المملوكي (64-923 ه 1350-1517 م)‎

Abstract EN

he present study attempts to shed light on the natural and human crises experienced by Al Madinah during the Mameluke era, the possible causes of these crises, and how the people of Al Madinah dealt with those crises.

The study consists of an introduction, a preamble, two sections and a conclusion.

In the introduction, the researcher addressed the importance of the study, its objectives and the method used in the study, i.e., a historical retrieval approach, which relies on the recovery of what was in the past to find out the reality of events and problems that formed the present and contributed to the description, guidance and analysis.

The preamble section dealt with the linguistic definition of the crisis and the reasons that lead to it, and linked the crises which were experienced by Al Madinah and the sayings of the Prophet (peace be upon him), which urged the inhabitants of Al Madinah to be patient with what may trouble them.

The researcher devoted the first section of the study to discuss the causes of the crises and their consequences, such as: the political reasons, which were represented in the Al Madinah being distance from Egypt, the seat of the Mamelukes, and the conflict between the members of the Hashemite family members who ruled Al Madinah as well as the political clashes between Ashraaf of Mecca and Ashraaf of Madinah, and the killing of the princes.

Another cause of the crises was the economic instability caused by political conflicts, which led to depressed markets and inflation.

Natural causes such as floods, locusts, volcanoes, earthquakes, epidemics and diseases like diphtheria were also significant causes.

Such crises have killed many people and scientists.

The second section dealt with the role of society in confronting these crises and the Sultans contributions in facing political crises by issuing political decisions, new appointments and mandates to manage the affairs of Al Madinah.

The role of the Sultans in facing economic crises appeared in avoiding the taxes imposed in Mecca and Medina and sending actual assistance, such as wheat, and spending on the interests of the Two Holy Mosques.

Endowments had the largest share of aid.

The role of the Sultans in alleviating natural crises has contributed to the reconstruction of what was destroyed by floods and fires, especially the Prophet's Mosque.

Princes and scholars also played an important role in facing crises, as did the public .

The researcher concluded her study with the findings about the crises which Al Madinah had gone through, and the recommendations that would help in dealing with crises at all times.