جشم السطان عبد الحميد الثاني بمدينة استانبول : دراسة آثارية معمارية فنية لنماذج مختارة

Abstract EN

Water irrigation and its ways are still one of the greatest means sought by rulers and caliphs, the elite of the people and the wealthy, to seek reward and reward from Allah, which led the people to the mastery in offering this charity in its most beautiful form, so they set up endowments for it, arranged works for it, and set up buildings for it.

Not only that, but the competition led to innovations, and so different styles appeared, until the matter settled on the appearance of the Çeşme, which is rightly considered one of the most prominent types of the Sepil that spread in the Islamic world in general, and in Istanbul in particular, during the Ottoman era.

Perhaps one of the most distinctive and unique Çeşme was established during the time of Sultan Abdul Hamid II in Istanbul, so I thought it was important to study this Çeşme in a thorough study, applying it to the selected models, considering that these models include most styles without repetition.

The study proceeded according to a plan that included: an introduction, a descriptive study, an analytical study, a conclusion, and several Arab and foreign references.

Finally, the research included a set of maps, figures, and photographs.