درهم طولوني فريد بإسم خمارويه بن أحمد ضرب حمص سنة 278ه

Abstract EN

Money is one of the most important and trustworthy historical documents, through which we can derive many indisputable facts about the historical periods throughout the ages in all aspects of life: the political, economic, sectarian, social, etc.

Money enable us also to learn many names, nicknames and titles of rulers and governors and everyone who had the authority to engrave their names and titles upon it.

It is considered an official document as it is one of the emblems dedicated and supervised by the king and the sultan.

Therefore, money and history are both indispensable as they are two sides of the same coin.

This paper studies and publishes a unique Tulunids dirham named after Khumarawayh bin Ahmed coined in Hims 278 A.

H.

in the era of the caliphate Al-Mu'tamid 'Ala Allah Al-'Abassy (256-279 A.

H.

/870-892A.

D.

) and his son Al-Mufawad ila Allah.

It is kept in the collection of Ammar Muhammad Imran at Saudi Arabia.

We will scientifically and accurately describe it, highlighting its general shape, inscriptions and ornaments.

We will then analyze these inscriptions according to its different circumstances.

This study adds value to Tulunids coining in general and the dirhams particularly which were coined in Hims in 278 A.

H.

after the dirham which was coined in it in 276 A.

H.

It sheds lights on the importance of studying coins as they clarify the significance of the rulers who the coins carry their names and specify accurately their eras and power.

It may also provide us with the beginning and end dates of revolutions and protest.