ظروف نشأة الماركسية في روسيا القيصرية (1883- 1848)‎

Abstract EN

The importance of this research stems from understanding and grasping the controversial problematic existing between the intellectual foundations of Marxist philosophy and the circumstances that contributed to its spread and development in the industrially backward Russian environment.

It was not the highly developed capitalism and objective laws of the development of society, according to the view of Marx and Engels, a historical stage necessary for Russia to become at the vanguard of the revolutionary movement in Europe.

On the contrary, the conditions of capitalism which were developing very rapidly side by side with the ownership of bourgeois land, the life of the Russian workers and peasants, and the life of workers and peasants in the rest of the other nationalities, which were part of the formation of the Russian tsarist empire in turn, who formed a kind of proletariat Wretched; And the policy of oppression based on the principles of autocracy (olutism) and national orthodoxy that the Russian tsars pursued towards these nationalities, especially after the murder of Tsar Alexander II and the coming to power of Alexander III, provided the fertile environment and ground for the growth of the seeds of the most progressive European revolutionary ideas, Communism, which were connecting the disappearance of national breaks and contradictions between peoples, and the hostility and hatred between nations in the heart of every nation, with the disappearance of class antagonism.

And it "proclaims the comprehensive public interests independent of nationalism of the whole proletariat of the various nations.

" Russia, which was dominated by oppression and injustice, became at the forefront of the revolutionary movement in Europe, which indicated the persistence of Marxism, its productivity and its ability to adapt to the conditions of a country that was practically not a bourgeois country.

For the purpose of achieving the research objectives, the research was divided into four main axes: First: The emergence of Marxist socialism and its spread in Europe; Second: the social and economic conditions under which the Marxist movement was born in Russia; Third: The politics of olutism and its effect on the growth of the Marxist revolutionary movement in Russia; Fourth: the Russian intelligentsia and there relationship to Marxism.

And conclusion