الحرف الحي و الحرف الميت في التراث اللغوي : دراسة تأصيلية

Abstract EN

The research rooted for two Arabic terms, namely, the living letter and the dead letter, which were popular among Arabic scholars from AlKhaleel and beyond, but I did not find a significant impact for them among the modernists, especially those interested in phonetic terms, so I tried to root them in grammatical heritage.

The grammarian, starting from Sibawayh’s book to the tenth century AH, and the most important finding of the research is that the sounds of Arabic among the ancients were divided into two main parts: live (silent), which is movable, and dead (voice) static, which are: Alif, Waw and Yaa, which are two modes, and the two fricatives are attached to them; Because they are still, and they have characteristics that I discussed: in survival and omission, eloquence and substitution, dwarfing, and inclination, and the most important of these characteristics is that the living voice is stronger than the dead, so the latter is subjected to omission, evocation, substitution and immersion; Because of its weakness, while the first is stronger, so it is stronger and more capable of resisting transformation and change.

The research showed the error of the scholars of Tajweed by dividing the sukoon into living and dead with detailed evidence.