السلفية : دراسة في نشأتها التاريخية و تياراتها

Abstract EN

This study aims at researching the historical roots of Salafism since its inception in the first three centuries of the Islamic state.

Salafism provoked a state of intellectual controversy and great interest, especially in giving a precise description of the essence and origin of the origin, and under the inspiration of political thought.

The problem of conceptualization, the accuracy of reading, the common use of the term and its similarity with other close terms in terms of behavior and beliefs led to differences on the term and the problematic rooting.

The Salafis are an extension of the school of Ahl (Prophetic hadith and Path) led by Ahmad ibn Hanbal in the third century AH to confront the Mu'tazilah, who invented the problem of creating the Qur'an in the Abbasid era, and later in the 7th century AH, with the end of the Abbasid dispute, and later in the seventh century AH with the end of the Abbasid dispute, returned to be renewed by Ibn Taymiyah after sedition In the Levant and Egypt and then emerged in the eighteenth century and spread to the early nineteenth century by Mohammed bin Abdul Wahab, and the Salafist trends were divided into: - The first trend : a traditional Salafi trend, traditional Salafi, scientific, official, reformist, reformist, a moderate Salafist described as a commitment to the predecessor curriculum, refuses to work in politics and relies on education according to the teachings of Islam.

It was founded by Nasir al-Din al-Albany, a pupil of Ibn Baz, who appeared in the 1950s.

Some see it as an extension of the reformist movement of the Afghani, Al -Kawakibi and Rashid Reza.

- The second stream is the Salafist Jamiyya stream, which is attributed to Muhammad Aman al-Jami, a pupil of Ibn al-Baz.

Jamiya is described as a movement close to the authority, where the Jemaah Islamiyah is the state and the Sultan; the other Salafist trends regard this trend as a reflexive thought.

- The Third trend : The Sorouri Salafist Movement Founded by Mohammed Bin Sorour Zine El Abidine, which originated from the al-Akhuan al-Muslmien Movement (Hassan al-Banna) (Sayyed Qutb), the movement aims to confront the infidel and imperialist regimes in non-partisan frameworks through Islamic groups.

- The fourth trend : Salafist jihadist (Takfiri) militant, militant, which was created from the womb of the Sorouri Salafist Movement and led by Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahri and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.

It is clear from the foregoing that the Salafist, like the Islamic currents, adopted the doctrine of Tawhid as an intellectual basis for human dealings, in which jihad is held to preserve the Islamic nation according to the Shari'a, the main part of the application, but the Salafis adopted a particular type of jihad, which differed with the Islamic currents in general and the Salafist factions in particular.