يوحنا بيرين 1175-1237م ملك مملكة عكا الصليبية

Abstract EN

The student of the history of the Crusades is stopped by the issue that the spotlight often focused on the first phase of these wars, which ends with the failure of the Third Crusade and the signing of the Ramla Peace Treaty in 588 AH / 1192 between Salah al-Din and Richard II, King of England and leader of the campaign.

As for the second stage, which extends for about a century after the time, its importance is almost waning, and Arab and Muslim historians hardly pay much attention to the Crusader entities that remained entrenched on Arab land.

The explanation for this is that these entities represented a great danger to the neighboring Islamic land in the first stage, as the Crusaders' armies had always threatened Aleppo and Damascus.

The Crusaders have always constituted a serious obstacle to Islamic communications between Egypt and the Levant, or between Iraq and the Levant, and they imposed royalties and cursed Muslims with bad torment.