نظرية أخلاق الفضيلة في جمهورية أفلاطون : إشكالية السعادة و الحياة الفضلى في ظل اختزال إنسانية الفرد

Abstract EN

Plato considered four cardinal virtues: wisdom, courage, Temperance, and Justice; he related these virtues to the classes of society within his ideal republic by using an unusual analogy of soul and State.

This Research sheds a light on Plato’s philosophy in the field of ethics.

Plato built his Ethical Theory based on two main pillars, the first one is his Epistemological Theory, and the second is his opinion of Soul parts, and their relation to virtues, and the analogy of soul and state.

In this research, we are going to discuss Plato’s view on virtue and how it is associated with the world of Forms, and the relationship of virtue to Plato’s tripartition of the soul.

We will also discuss Plato’s claim which states that : if the soul achieves its virtues, Balance or Justice will be achieved as a fourth virtue accordingly.

The research aims to trace Plato’s way of reaching the Good Life through dialectic to reach the ideal Form in the world of Forms, and how Plato thinks Man can possess happiness.

We also aim to present an analytical and critical study to the problem of happiness and Ideal life in Plato’s virtue theory and its suitability to the standards of our contemporary life.

Lastly, we criticize Plato’s controversial views on some issues regarding family, women, Republic, and Art..