دراسة تطور آراء مفسري أهل السنة حول دلالة الآية 29 من سورة الفتح عن عدالة الصحابة

Abstract EN

The issue of justice of the Companions took a major place in the usual dispute between the Shiites and Sunnis regarding the Islamic Sharia.

And the Sunnis said that all the Companions are justly based on some verses, on top of which is the 29th verse of Surat Al-Fath.

And since the justice of the Companions is one of the most important political pillars of Sunni jurisprudence, it was the cause of other disagreements, such as accepting or rejecting the statement of the Companion, as well as a guide to be relied upon in judging the infidelity of the Shiites based on the above-mentioned verse.

This difference prompted us to write this article, which seeks to shed light on the correct connotation of this verse and study its historical development according to the timeline of Islamic heritage and history, concluding that the views of the commentators before the fourth century do not say the justice of all the Companions, but rather after these centuries and over Four phases this significance was arbitrarily carried on this verse and its semantic expansion was extended to include all the Companions.

And the four stages that the semantic expansion and change of meaning of the verse went through are: 1- The meaning of the Companions was inserted into the meaning of the verse and its meaning in the early fourth century in the interpretation of Ibn Wahab.

2- Changing the meaning of the letter "from" and considering it as "from" nationality in the early fourth century in the Qur’an syntax for copper, which the commentators took into consideration as "who" as a nationality.

3- The application of the meaning of the verse to the four caliphs and the other companions through the historical narratives of the fifth century in al-Tafsir al Tha'labi 4- Relying on the words of all the Companions based on the phrase "who is with him" and relying on the opinion of the majority of Sunni scholars in the middle of the sixth century in the interpretation of Muharr al-Wajeez.

The basis on which the last three sayings are based is a personal opinion that Ibn Wahb said, while the correct opinion is that the meaning of the Almighty saying "and those with him" is the general meaning of the believers and not regarding the Companions, just as the letter "from" mentioned in the saying of the Most High is "from" some It is not sexual.

The readings and interpretations that resulted from the verse in the following centuries came to coincide with the history of the caliphs, as it relied on the apparent meaning of the narration without its original content, and hence not even some Sunni scholars say it, so the verse does not indicate the justice of all the Companions without exception.