بلاغة التشبيه في خطب و وصايا الخليفة أبي بكر الصديق-رضي الله عنه

Abstract EN

The religious discourse or sermons and wills are considered as the arts of Arabic literature which intent to influence the recipient herself/himself to persuade him/her and submit of what the person is in charge to convince, besides, the importance of these two colors emerge through their functional role and their impact on the individual and society.

Therefore, tribal chiefs, army princes, and others often used them as a tool in inciting the fight of enemies and restoring rights, or reforming the same or other matters that fit the affairs of people and countries.

In its contents, it was adhering to the highest values and noble morals, among them were models that bear those values even in wars and invasions, such as forbidding the killing of the elderly or women and children or cutting down fruit trees and other high-ranking military manners and the values of manliness and magnanimity in dealing even with the enemies as well as a privilege.

Their languages are expressiveness, persuasiveness, and rhetoric, and the era of Islam was a turning point in the development of the trends and themes of speeches and wills; They were based on evidence and evidence from the holy Qur’an and the purified prophetic Sunna, and in its folds a lot of that was a simulation of the language of the Qur’an and the holy Hadith with the aim of persuasion and empowerment, thus, they occupied a high position in Islam - especially sermons - where the Friday sermon and the two feasts began, and became one of the most important means of communicating to call and spreading the teachings of the true religion, as it was the best tool in guiding people to what is their happiness in the two lives, (in this life and after), and next to them the commandments took a great role in spreading high values and instilling them in the souls such as the parents ’wills for children, or the mother’s wills for their daughters, or princes and caliphs for the heads of soldiers as well as for the members of the nation with piety and righteousness.

Therefore, the purpose of this research was to stand at one of the methods of rhetoric, using the art of simile as a way to identify secrets and rhetorical meanings by studying and analyzing examples of the speeches and wills of the Caliph Al-Rashid Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), and how to employ the resemblances that were mentioned in them to reach These speeches and commandments are intended.