مظاهر التطور الفكري للمجتمع الأوروبي بعد عصر النهضة و حتى عام 1845 م

Abstract EN

European thought in the Middle Ages tended to denounce and contemplate the other and reject everything new, whether arts, sciences and literature without regard to the bad economic and economic situation in which the segments of society were due to the domination of the Church by men and the feudal system on the other hand, until society became backward from any Evolution or repair, It entered the Renaissance to change with him the old systems and renewed European thought and society until he moved from the low in the world to the revival of the ancient arts in Italy and the innovation of the new in France and others and the superiority of the arts of acting and poetry in England, Attention also turned to research in the sciences of nature, astronomy, geography, history, philosophy and literature, especially transportation of great importance from the sciences of Arabs and Muslims in all fields.

The adventurers prepared to ride the seas until the movement of geographical expansions expanded and the different cultures moved into Europe, especially the abundant funds and properties, the peoples turned to develop My thinking led to the refusal of the Church and the feudal lords to work to improve the social and economic situation, Increased interest in practical progress was born on the ground, represented in the industrial revolution that arose in England and then moved to the rest of Europe, where its attributes changed society radically.

This development began with an intellectual change first and rejected the stillness that was a feature of the middle Ages.

It was the beginning of the progress of society to move from the immobility of the ancient ages to the manifestations of development in the modern era