حاضرة تنبكت في نهاية القرن التاسع عشر من خلال الكتابات الفرنسية : مونوغرافية الأب أوكوسطان بروسبير هاكار نموذجا

Abstract EN

This paper sheds light on aspects of the history of the social, economic, cultural, religious and scientific history of Tombouctou, at the end of the nineteenth century, through the testimony of the French father and explorer Augustin Prosper Hacquard, the man who knows the secrets of Western Sudan, the customs of the Tuareg people, and the traditions of Bidan, He is also fluent in local languages and dialects spoken by the inhabitants of those regions, What gives added value to the aforementioned explorer's data is that it is a field investigation, which makes us very satisfied with it.