تنظيمات امراء الحرب في الصين : تشانغ تسولين، و و بي فو، فينغ يو هسيانغ 1916-1928 أنموذجا

Abstract EN

Chinese history is distinguished by its diversity in terms of events and their personalities, each period of it has its connotations, characters and distinct stages, and the study of that history constitutes a gateway through which to learn about many global and regional developments, and that history is almost inclusive of all the stages that a history can pass through.

Any country, so many periods of Chinese history come in the forefront of which is the empire, revolution, division, civil war and finally unity, and the warlord era is one of the important stages in that history, which is almost unique at that time, and from here comes the importance of studying that era to get to know On its stages and influence in Chinese history.

The policy of the Manchu (Cheng) government (1644-1911), which was based on granting military rulers wide powers in preparing local armies, resulted in military leaders forming large military factions that were mostly dependent on self-financing for the provinces they ruled and owed loyalty to them not to the government.

Central.

The Piang Army (North) was the most prominent of these armies and the most modern in training and arming at all.

Its role emerged first in resisting the 1911 revolution against the Manchu government, and its role expanded secondly in resolving the results of the conflict between the republicans and the royalists and assigning its leader Yuan Shikai to assume the presidency.

Under the military government headed by Yuan Shikai (1912-1916), leaders of the Piang Army became military rulers in most of the provinces of China and their influence was established in them, and important units of the Piang Army, or of the local armies that were loyal to them, became under their command.