دراسة اقتصادية لدور البنك الزراعي المصري في تمويل الأنشطة الزراعية في محافظة أسوان

Abstract EN

The research aimed to achieve a set of goals in Aswan Governorate during the study period (2005-2020), which is to study the economic indicators to classify total agricultural loans, the development and efficiency of agricultural credit for each of the plant production loans, red meat production projects, dairy production projects, the most important determinants of demand on agricultural loans for sugarcane crop, agricultural credit risks and problems and proposed solutions to solve them.

The method of descriptive and quantitative analysis was used, and the research relied on published and unpublished secondary data for the economic variables of agricultural loans as well as primary data through a random sample selected in Edfu and Kom Ombo destrict and totaled the number of farmers in the research sample is about 95 farms.

The study reached the following results:
1- The annual rate of change of plant loans, investment project loans for red meat production, investment project loans for dairy production, total agricultural loans during the period (2005-2020) amounted to about 0.83, 0.44, 9.34, 1.55% , while the annual average was about 2.65, 2.49, 0.601 million pounds.

They represent about 46.16, 43.38 and 10.46 percent of the total agricultural loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about EGP 5.74 million each, respectively.

2- The annual rate of change of plant loans in the destrict of Edfu, Kom Ombo, Nasr Al Nuba, Daraw during the period (2005-2020) amounted to about 1.54, 0.48, 0.19, 0.76 % , while the annual average amounted to about 910, 896, 468, 376 thousand pounds.

They represent about 34.35, 33.8, 17.66, 14.19% of the total plant loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about 2.65 million pounds each, respectively. 
3- By studying the economic and credit indicators of plant loans granted to the sugarcane crop in Aswan Governorate during the period (2005-2020) the annual rate of change for each of the variable costs, total costs, the value of the loan granted per feddan, the volume of loans granted to the crop, the percentage of the loan per feddan for variable costs, costs Credit, feddan net return is about 11.21, 11.04, 6.04, 0.83, (-5.23), 6.15, 9.39 % , while the annual average is about 10.07, 13.3, 8.4, (2.6 million), 5.7 thousand pounds for each, respectively, while the costs amounted to about the credit is about 420 pounds, and finally, the ratio of loan coverage for variable costs was about 0.84% , and the return on the invested pound was about 88 % .

4- The annual rate of change of loans for investment projects to produce red meat in the centers of Edfu, Kom Ombo, Nasr Al Nuba, Daraw during the period (2005-2020) was about 0.39, 0.69, (-0.18), 0.36 % , while the annual average was about 919, (10.02 million).

EGP), 305, 247 thousand EGP, representing about 36.89, 40.95, 12.25, 9.91% of the total plant loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about EGP 2.491 million each, respectively.

5- By studying the economic and credit indicators of the value of loans granted to types of fattening livestock for investment projects for the production of red meat (2020-2021), which are Friesian fattening, mixture, and municipal, the coverage ratio of the value of the loan granted to the head reached about 81, 75 and 90% for each of them, respectively, while The net return is about 11.2, 9.6, and 6.7 thousand pounds per head.

The return on the invested pound is about 93, 87, and 1.04 % for each, respectively.

6- The annual rate of change of loans for investment projects for dairy production in the destrict of Edfu, Kom Ombo, Nasr Al Nuba and Daraw during the period (2005-2020) was about 8.73, 10.92, 8.16, 10.32 % , while the annual average amounted to 359, 146, 46, 53 thousand pounds, They represent about 59.73, 23.79, 7.65, and 8.81% of the total plant loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about 601 thousand pounds and million pounds each, respectively. 
7- By studying the economic and credit indicators of the value of loans granted to types of livestock investment projects for dairy production (2020-2021), which are Friesian cattle, buffalo, local cows and mixture, the coverage ratio of the value of the loan granted to the head reached about 87, 94, and 74% for each of them, respectively, while The net return is about 11.1, 9.95, and 6.6 thousand pounds per head.

The return on the invested pound is about 2.7, 2.53, 2.57 % for each, respectively.

8- By studying the factors affecting the demand for loans for the sugarcane crop, it was found that the most important of them are the variable costs, the ratio of the loan coverage to the variable costs, and by using the double logarithmic model, its statistical significance was proven at the 1% probability level during the study period and that these two variables explain about 99% of the changes in the value of feddan loans for the sugarcane crop, and that by increasing the variable costs, and the coverage ratio by 10% , this leads to an increase in the demand for loans for the sugarcane crop by about 100.1% , 100.2% for each, respectively, while it was found from the results of the statistical estimation of the linear model that there was a direct statistically significant relationship between the costs changing Q1, the proportion of the loan to cover the costs of changing Q2 and that these two variables explain about 95.7% of the changes in the value of feddan loans for crop reeds noted that such an increase of variable costs, the proportion of the loan to cover the costs of changing one unit leads to increased demand for loans by about 0.565, 3102.72 units on the arrangement, as it was found that there is a statistically insignificant negative relationship between the demand for loans and credit costs, meaning an increase in credit costs by one unit that leads to Demand for loans decreased by 0.16 units.

9- By studying the economic and credit problems facing farmers in Aswan Governorate, it was found that the most important of them is the necessity of having agricultural tenure as a basic condition and guarantee for obtaining the loan, not disbursing loans in kind and only cash disbursement, not disbursing loans until after paying the previous and due loans, requesting Inquiries were made with the Central Bank about the loan holder, the complexity of the conditions and procedures for obtaining the loan and the large number of guarantees, the insufficient amount of the loan for the productive activity to be used, and it was found that the most important proposed solutions are to extend the loan collection period without attaching delay penalties or increasing the interest rate and giving a deadline to the farmer those in default of payments, taking into account the compatibility of loan repayment dates with the dates of harvesting crops and marketing products, providing and disbursing in-kind loans such as fertilizers, seeds and pesticides to ensure their quality and adequacy, adjusting the value of the loan annually for each productive activity in balance with the annual inflation rate and the high prices of production requirements