الحزن في حضارة بلاد الرافدين

Abstract EN

This research deals with one of the topics of the ancient Iraqi civilization, and sheds light on one of the feelings that stirs the human soul, which is sadness, by studying the factors that contributed to the psychological and emotional formation of the ancient Iraqi personality such as environmental, religious, political factors, and others, in addition to its causes, And manifestations of its expression, and ways to mitigate its impact, and treatment.

The research is divided into four main elements.

The first element deals with the definition of sadness and the terms denoting it in the Arabic language and the cuneiform language.

The second element discussed the various causes of grief, which included environmental, religious, political, and other causes.

In the third element, manifestations of sadness were studied, such as crying, wailing, wailing and screaming, slapping and wounding some parts of the body such as the face, chest, nose, and ears, smearing the body with mud and dusting it with dust, disheveled, lengthening and curling hair, tearing clothes, and others.

The last element revealed the ways to overcome grief or alleviate it, such as walks and lamentations, resorting to the gods, offering offerings, and reciting religious supplications and hymns.

Then the research concludes with the results reached by the researcher through the study of this topic.