الثورة والإرهاب السياسي: دراسة حالة البحرين وسوريا: نموذج الفاعل

Abstract EN

This paper tackles the theoretical differences in analyzing revolution and political terrorism by applying this analysis to the cases of Syria and Bahrain as a model.

The paper also aims to focus on the factors that influence revolution and transforms it to political terrorism.

The paper uses descriptive analytical and comparative case study methodology to help analyze the major factors that influence the revolutions in both Syria and Bahrain.

There are multiple models that explain and analyze revolutions that will be utilized notably descriptive model, comparative model, actor model, and social movement model.

The major focus however will be on the actor model due to the focus on the regime system in both revolutions.

The paper concludes that political corruption, authoritarian violations, failure to respond to the peaceful public demands are among the most important incentives to revolt in Syria and Bahrain highlighting the uniqueness of each case.

The revolution in Syria was due to the hereditary regime system, void promises by the regime, regional coalitions, the role of the military institution, the emergence of the renegade army, and the coalitions with most extreme entities are among the most significant factors that changed the scene from a revolution to political terrorism.

The revolution in Bahrain, however, was driven by different factors.

The loyalty of the military institution, the presence of GCC military intervention “namely Dira’ Aljazeera or Shield Force” to suppress the revolts, and the factor of sectarianism were among the most influential factors in the Bahraini case.

The paper concludes that actor model is one of the most important models in explaining the revolutions in Syria and Bahrain.

It is also concluded that the revolution in Syria transformed into ongoing political terrorism, while Bahrain suppressed the revolts and end the revolution