المنهج الرياضي في الدرس المعجمي عند الفراهيدي : تقويم و تجديد

Abstract EN

Arabs never knew the lexicon of language before Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmad Al- higra, because words and their meanings were kept in their 'vo.Farahidi hearts ; they kept things down to memories without recording them .When non-Arabs had embraced Islam and mingled with Arabs, non-Arabic accent appeared in the Arabic usage .

Therefore, there was the feeling of anxiety that Arabic might loose its rules and the meanings of words would change.

Scholars turned to preserve Arabic and maintain itfrom deviation, degradation, loss and the prevalence of incorrectness.

Then they worked hard to face this .violation from two directions One is confronting the parsing incorrectness which is associated with the violation of rules of grammar and declension in the speech of Arabs .The second is confronting the incorrectness of words which is associated with the structure of word , its from and meanings whether in the constituents parts or external .which is the main concern of this research.

Al-Khalil did the greatest effort in this regard when he advised an unprecedented system in collecting words and organizing them .He did not follow the alphabetical system, but invented a mathematical approach based on root alternations, articulations of sounds, organizing these sounds according to their production, categorizing words into bilateral and tripartite, Quartet and Quintet.

The researcher makes use of these expressions in finding out the mathematical approach that were used by Al-Khalil, which was represented by a set of mathematical formulas which counts the number of words in each structure , the groups of roots, and the sequence of each root, and separating words which are in .use and those in disuse