الظواهر النطقية الإفرادية : دراسة لغوية

Abstract EN

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and the most honorable prayer and peace be upon themaster of the first and the last, our master, Muhammad, the chosen, the trustworthy, and upon hispious and pure family, his faithful companions, and those who followed them in goodness until theDay of Judgment, may Allah Almighty be pleased with them all.

The Arabic language has enjoyed great efforts in order to preserve its pronunciation intactfrom the impurities of mispronunciation, pure from the manifestations of the accent, and theseefforts were linked to the emergence of Islam in the Arab countries, and the emergence of the HolyQur'an was the cause of the emergence of new sciences that the Arhad not been acquaintedwith before, including language sciences, which was characterized by inclusion of all aspects ofthe known linguistic lesson such as phonetics, morphology, grammar and lexicography.

The Arknew the science of phonetics, but they did not mention a literature of theirs asthey mentioned the science of rhetoric, grammar, and the science of tajweed, but its researcheswere found amongst those sciences to an extent that it can be said that the science of phoneticswas a science with clear and specific features, a good evidence of that is the tajweed, which is aphonetics science, used terms that were found in the phonetic investigations that were known togrammarians and linguists.

Had it not been for the discussions of tajweed were limited to readingthe Qur'an, it would have been the science of phonetics in Arabic.

It is known that the main vowels in Arabic are three: the fatha, the damma, and the kasra.

Inpronunciation they have an amount that the speaker must consider without addition or subtraction.

The scholars of Arabic have emphasized the importance of preserving their quantities withoutattenuation that leads to their stillness, nor satiation that leads to their stretch until the vowelbecomes a letter.

The scholars of intonation have noticed that the composition of the vowels is subject to change, which may lead to its deletion or shortening, so they talked about this phenomenon and identifiedits locations and distinguished its degrees, a matter which many Arabic scholars since the timeof Sibawayh talked about.

In this research, we wanted to deal with the changes that occur on thevowels such as ishmam (joining the lips after an ending consonant), ikhtelas (performing twothirds of the vowel) and ishbaa (performing full vowel), we will study them scientifically, in a waythat shows their identity, how they occur, and the opinions of scientists about them.

In order toreach this goal, the research is divided into three main sections: The first topic: It came under the title (ikhtelas and its ence)The second topic: It came under the title (Between the ishmam and its ence)The third topic: It came under the title (ishbaa)In conclusion, I hope that this study has given the subject its due and that the researchers benefitfrom it, as the research has reported from othersand praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds