جزر فرسان تحت الحكم العثماني و موقف القوى الدولية منه 1908-1914 م

Abstract EN

This study aims to identify the Farasan Islands in the Ottoman era، which were not sufficiently highlighted despite their strategic، geographic، political and oil importance in the southern Red Sea, and to search for the reasons that prompted European powers to struggle around them، as well as to identify the local powers' politics and the conflicts that took place.

On them between the local and international powers.

I chose a title for the research: The Farasan Islands under Ottoman rule and the position of international powers from 1908-1914، because the international conflict in that period was at its most intense between European countries competing for the islands، especially since this topic did not receive enough researchers' interest in light of the availability of material Bakr documentaries، and the subject was not singled out for an independent study before that.

Farasan Islands under Ottoman rule and the position of the international powers from it 1908-1914 AD "and in it it exposed the Ottoman presence in the Farasan Islands in terms of its manifestations such as the Ottoman fortress and soldiers and armament، the establishment of lighthouses in the Farasan Islands، and the military visits to the Farasan Islands.

Farasan Islands and the entire region after the Peace of Daan in 1329 AH 1911 AD.

The study discussed the difficulties that faced the Ottomans in the Farasan Islands.

which were represented by the German presence in the Farasan Islands and the position of the Ottoman Empire towards it، the issue of arms smuggling to the enemies of the Ottoman Empire and the position of European countries towards it، Britain's issuance of the law on arms smuggling restrictions، and the agreement to prevent arms smuggling between European countries.

He presented the efforts of the Ottoman Empire in protecting the Farasan Islands and the position of the European countries towards it، such as the right of the Ottoman Empire to inspect foreign ships and the position of Italy and Britain on the Ottoman presence in the Farasan and their attempts to seize the islands، and concluded the research by talking about the departure of Idrisi from the Ottoman Empire and the isolation of the Farasan Islands.

The research relied on following the methodology of history science based on identifying the subject of the research، gathering information، classifying it، analyzing it، determining the relationship between them، then presenting and interpreting the results، and it depends on: Recovery: It is the recovery of historical facts from historical documents and sources.

Analysis: it is looking at the most accurate details of historical facts.

through which information about the research topic is revealed.

Comparison: in the sense of a balance between historical facts and statements to reveal agreements and differences.

Collection: It is based on collecting documents, sources and histori- cal narratives related to the topic of research and revealing their content.

One of the most important results of the research is to highlight the position of the Ottoman Empire، which is keen to be present in the islands، as the Ottoman state's view is related to being the most important gate on the road to the Hijaz and the holy places.

Therefore، it was logical for the state to maintain its presence through a set of measures، such as providing the islands with a fortress، soldiers، equipment، supplies، and so on One of the works that the state guarantees to preserve.

The research also proved that the Ottoman Empire did not abandon the islands until the last moment، as the last soldier leaving the coast of Thami، Hodeidah and Jizan was from Farasan Islands and not elsewhere.

The research also highlighted that Al-Idrisi was not responsible.

as he was not like Imam Yahya، but he was an opportunist who was able to ally with Italy and Britain to achieve his goals، and he succeeded in that after the international powers had struck him against the Ottoman Empire، and the international powers had achieved their goals in that.

International ambitions emerged from Germany before others with several pretexts and claims، the most important of which are: its war with China and its friendship with the Ottoman Empire، as well as other reasons.

Nevertheless، the fear of the Ottoman Empire، and its reading of the danger of German ambitions، which were represented in building projects such as coal depots and building military barracks for the soldiers، And the docking of its naval vessels awakened the Ottoman Empire، which prompted it to expel the Germans from the Farasan Islands for good.

Despite this.

Germany persisted in attempts to exist، to no avail، in the face of the insistence of the Ottoman Empire and the anticipation of international powers.