تطور الوضع السياسي و العسكري بالجزائر في عهد البيلربايات 1519م -1587م : عهد خير الدين راربروس 1519م-1546م

Abstract EN

Algeria had known during its historical path, and especially with the beginning of the modern era, a special attachment with the Ottoman Caliphate, starting from 1519 until 1830, this attachment was different from the other countries which were under its banner according to several data and circumstances which will be mentioned after.

Generally, Algeria passed through it two eras, or two forms of attachment, the first one was characterized by the strong link with the Ottoman Caliphate and its sultans, who had the ability to designate and dismissal its rulers in an atmosphere of discipline and complete obedience, as Algeria was an extension of the Ottoman Caliphate in the Mediterranean Western Basin to the maximum extent, and it included both the period of Pilgrims rule from 1519 to 1587, and the period of Pashas rule from 1587 to 1659, and thus extended from 1519 to 1659.

Concerning the second era of the Ottoman presence in Algeria, is considered the Era of the indirect dependency, or the Era of the weak attachment, and it included both the period of the Aghas rule from 1659 to 1971, and the period of the Deys rule, which was divided in two sections (ordinary Deys and the Pashas) from 1671 to 1830, and this rule extended from 1659 to 1830, when the ruler of Algeria regrouped the members of the EL Diwane, composed of the leaders in Algeria on his assumption of power, before writing to the Ottoman sultan in order to renew allegiance and obtain acclamation, which became a formality, as result the rulers of Algeria became independent from the central authority, and many contradictory positions were born between them and the sultans of the Ottoman Empire in several occasions on very important issues, whether in relations between some Arab states, or some European countries and others.

In order to find out the reality of that attachment, and how the political and military situations in Algeria developed in the different stages of that period, we will expose its different aspects, its most important events and rulers, through a group of articles, we begin with the circumstances of the Algeria's affiliation under the Ottoman Caliphate banner, by reviewing the most important developments that witnessed the place and the time, and also the efforts deployed in order to serve Algeria, the Ottoman Caliphate and the Islamic Nation, and it became certainly an important party in the islamic security system in the Mediterranean region, especially the western one, as it was working to cover the events and developments in the countries of the Maghreb, which at that stage experienced a difficult ordeal, as a result of which new political entities were born in the region, both in Tunisia and Libya in The eastern side of Algeria, or the Far Maghreb in its western side.

Therefore, it was necessary for Algeria to adapt to developments, keep pace with events and developments, and be aware of all the changes constantly and quickly, which were often the reason for either achieving glorious victories, which the people of the region are proud of in all ages, or receiving defeats and bitter defeats, Which regurgitate those same sons tragedies for many years.

The era of the rule of the Belarbayat (1519-1587), especially the reign of Khair al-Din Barbaross (1519-1546), which represents the beginning of the first stage of the Ottoman influence in Algeria, was of very serious importance, as it was based on it the entire future of the entire region, as the birth was difficult, especially in those Local and international conditions, which were fraught with dangers, difficulties and challenges, in which Algeria was able to stand peer to peer in the face of the largest colonial power in the region at the time, represented by the Spanish Empire.

In order to try to stand at the reality of the development of the political situation in that period in Algeria on the one hand, and in the field that surrounded it on the other hand, we will be exposed to its various aspects, the most important events and operations, through this article, in an attempt to be as brief as possible on the subject, by reviewing the most important developments happened, as well as the various pages traversed.