معارك الردة الأولى (11 ه-632)‎ : مواقف و تحديات

Abstract EN

The First Riddah Battles (II H.

/ 632 G.): Attitudes and Challenges This research deals with the first Riddah) apoQacy( battles 'during the reign of the caliph Abu Bakr A1-Siddiq 'that took place between the Muslim am-ly led by the caliph Abu Bakr A1-Siddiq and the Kharijites .Though these battles took place quickly and suddenly with low level of participants 'they led to significant results that considerably contributed to the Muslims' solidarity • strengthening their unity and preserving the rituals and the great pillars of the Islamic religion .These battles occurred immediately after the Caliph Abu Bakr A1-Siddiq took over the rule and before sending the brigades to battle the Kharijites •i.e• they occurred during the first three months of his rule .

These bat- tles hold special importance because of the circumstances of that period in which they took place which led to positive results in favor of Muslims leading to their Qability and also influenced the enemies •and they were like the anows that defeated them which made the Muslims more powerful .

This research also deals with the challenges that faced the Caliph Abu Bakr A1-Siddiq during that critical period and how he overcame them .

The researcher ex- Plained the position of Muslims after the death ofthe Prophet (pbuh), the position of the followers of the prophet and the role of Abu Bakr in confronting the Kharijites, his measures to protect Medina and the progress of the battles' their results and their importance.

The research concluded with important findings and recommenda- tions such as: - The first Riddah battles are considered to be the begin- ning of victory for Muslims over the Kharijites and a positive Starts to confront and disturb their crowds in front of Muslims.

- The courage and wisdom of Abu Bakr and his firm stance were among the greatest political achievements that he had been able to do.

- The events later approved the right decision of the Caliph in con- fronting those who refused to pay Zakat.