الأسقف في بيوت الأبدية في مصر القديمة

Abstract EN

The first royal tombs were modest and were in the form of rectangular underground rooms, despite this, they represent a developed stage in the construction of tombs in the prehistoric stage.

It seems that the early royal tombs had mostly two rooms in their upper construction and that we see clearly in all the stages of building the Egyptian royal tomb throughout the ages.

Eternity and the idea of eternal survival awaiting the resurrection in the other world.

King Den, one of the kings of the First Dynastyن used a granite floor in his burial chamber in Abydos.

Since that time, kings have used stones in the construction of their tombs.

The pyramid of "Djoser" was surrounded by a white limestone wall that extends for more than a mile and rises 33 feet and includes a rectangle of about 45 acres.

The Saqqara Funeral Complex contains two tombs, the southern cemetery faces the sunset and the northern cemetery represents a two-hundred-foot-high stepped pyramid heading north, surrounded by many religious buildings and structures of the gods used in ceremonies (love-dam).

As no other building of the successors of Djoser can top it, it is still standing on the horizon today.

Researchimportance:The importance of the research lies in dealing with the subject of the ceiling and its decorations and studying the most important artworks recorded on the ceilings.

The ceilings were mainly and mainly unusual in most of the studies that focused on murals with a side focus on the ceilings.

The researcher shed light on the ceilings being an independent element.

In arts and architecture, with a process of dividing and analyzing landscapes, and studying their diverse artistic style.

The aim of the research:Focusing on the study of bishops and shedding light on religious subjects in particular Research Methodology:The researcher has followed the method of the comparative study.

Delimitations: Spatial boundaries: Egypt.- Temporal boundaries: the old state, the middle state Research problem: Most of the studies focused on the murals, with a side focus on the ceilings.

The researcher highlighted the ceilings mainly as an independent element in the arts and architecture, with a process of dividing the scenes, analyzing them and studying their diverse artistic style in different eras.