خاصية التعقيد المظهري في التكوينات الخطية

Abstract EN

The study was concerned with the feature of phenotypic intensification in calligraphy formations, for its contribution to the construction of calligraphy formations and the cohesion of its parts, which require technical skill from the calligrapher and the employment of new ideas characterized by modernity.

I found that the research problem is represented by the following question: what is the characteristic of phenotypic complexity in calligraphy formations? therefore, the research was concerned with revealing the characteristic of phenotypic condensation in calligraphy formations, in formations implemented on raw paper, in each of Iraq, Syria, Egypt and Pakistan, and for the period from (5849 ah-5899 ad) until 5876 AH-6455 AD.

the second chapter included the theoretical framework through three investigations, the first topic dealt with the concept of phenotypic intensification, and the second topic represented the development of calligraphy formations, while the third topic was concerned with phenotypic intensification in calligraphy formations, then indicators of the theoretical framework and previous studies, and the third chapter included research procedures and the adoption of the descriptive analytical approach, and the community reached 40.

formally, the researcher chose 8 samples, which constituted 541 of the total community, and the analysis was done using the analysis form, and the fourth chapter included results, including that the calligrapher employed the feature of phenotypic complexity in his formations according to agglutination, inferiority and convergence of linear elements, and intensive formations appeared in several bodies such as (geometric, iconographic and free), and conclusions were reached, including that the distribution of linear elements with intense space work through space reduction contributes to the production of a coherent, closed and superficially intense linear structure, and the employment of to combine the existing letters in the braided Kufic script for aesthetic and ergonomic goals to achieve the phenotypical intensification of the composition.