البرازيل في عهد الامبراطور بيدرو الثاني (1841- 1889)‎

Abstract EN

SummarThe siege of Portugal by Napoleon Bonaparte's forces led the royal family to flee from Lisbon in 1807, where Queen Maria I and her son, Prince, resided for a short period in Bahia and then arrived in Rio de Janeiro in March 1808, as the Prince worked to improve the situation and economy of the country, and ended Portugal's commercial monopoly over Brazil, the formation of modern administrative institutions in line with the status of the new royal capital, and in 1815, granted Brazil a status equal to Portugal as a kingdom.

Emperor Pedro I and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina left many achievements, foremost of which is the independence of Brazil, for their son Emperor Pedro II (December 2, 1825-5 December 1891), who was the second and last king of the Empire of Brazil, after his father abdicated the throne and left for Europe in year 1831.

Emperor Pedro II proved during the next half century of his rule of the country, that he is a model of the constitutional monarch in most stages of his rule, in addition to his interest in developing industries and railways in Brazil, as he participated in the War of the Triple Alliance that led to the overthrow of the ruler of Paraguay in 1870.

The issue of the slave trade was the main issue during the reign of Emperor Pedro II after the slaves were brought to Brazil in large numbers, so that they made up half of the population in Brazil, so the emperor issued a decision to free the slaves, which was endangering the interests of the big owners, so they allied with army officers To overthrow the emperor, a military coup forced the emperor to abdicate, and he lived in exile in Europe until his death.