تهجير الشركس الى الدولة العثمانية 1859-1867م

Abstract EN

This research deals with an aspect of the tragedy experienced by the Circassian people after their country became the target of Russian expansion, which took a serious character during the reign of Peter the Great, aspiring to establish a strong Russian empire.

Successive military campaigns began on the Caucasus region in general, including the Circassian country.

These operations continued until the year 1859 AD, when the Russians declared their victory over Sheikh Shamil and his deputies.

These operations were followed by brutal retaliatory operations that eliminated the remains of the Circassian people's resistance, so that Russia declared its final victory in 1864 AD.

The Circassian people have the two options between leaving their regions to the Russians and Cossacks and living in the areas determined by the Russian government, which are more like collective detention centers or immigration to the Ottoman Empire, in order to expel them, systematic plans were drawn up, the result of which was a great tragedy for an entire people, who was excluded from their homes by force in harsh conditions that led to the death of many of them.

This tragedy continued till the diaspora area under the Ottoman rule that placed them in front of the Russians and used them to create racial and religious balance in some areas, Consequently, they are kept in the cycle of wars.