الإجازات العلمية و أثرها في نشر العلوم : دراسة تاريخية

Abstract EN

Summary: Permission by language: permission and trade: the student of knowledge asked his teacher and sheikh to allow him with his justifications and reports that he obtained, and to authorize him to transfer on his behalf.

) to write the license.

attest its validity, or pronounce it (in front of witnesses), or limit himself to writing with the intention of of authorizing.

One of the most important results that we reached is the importance of the scientific license, which represents one of the pillars of the well-established traditions in the Arab-Islamic civilization and has taken multiple faces throughout the history of civilization and the spread of legal religious sciences, natural and experimental sciences.

Thus, the concept of licensing evolved from its singular, limited form to the call to prayer, according to the narration of some news, to being a certified certificate from a credible body.