الحياة الاقتصادية (التجارية)‎ في الخليج العربي للفترة من القرن الثالث إلى التاسع الهجري

Abstract EN

ConclusionIf the concepts used around the Arab Gulf in the modern era are unstable or have dimensional causes for political reasons and complex international economic and military interests, then the dimensions of the Arab Gulf and its borders were clear in the Islamic Middle Ages, so it is the eastern flank of the Arab homeland, because Iraq, Ahwaz and the eastern coasts of the Gulf are the separation limit between Muslim Arand other peoples that entered Islam.

The Arab Gulf, on the other hand, shall be the southern borders of the Islamic world, and the maritime and commercial corridor from which trade is transferred from the Far East to the Mediterranean Sea and then to Europe, and it will be a middle center of the Islamic world.

As for the Arab regions that make up the Gulf in Islamic times, they are the Province of Al-Sawad, or (Iraq), Al-Ahwaz Region, Bahrain Region and the Region of Oman and those in the administrative and political units that surround the Persian Gulf in the Islamic era.

It seems clear from the political situation in the Gulf during the Abbasid era and before that also that the central authority was fully aware of the importance of the Arab Gulf as a vital passage for international trade between East and West, because of its large ports and the extent to which the Islamic community has benefited from this trade.

These Arab Gulf ports have played a fundamental role in commercial activity with the Far East and East of Africa, and have positively contributed to the economic prosperity within the Arab Islamic state through the ages.

We must point out that commercial exchange as the most important and oldest means of civilized communication between peoples played a major role in the spread of Islam and its civilization.

The Gulf people are skillful sailors and seasoned traders who have sailed over the sea since ancient times and their business activities increased in activity in the Islamic era, and they have communities, centers and ports on the coasts of India, Indonesia and East of Africa.

The role of these commercial centers and cities was not limited to what they do as transit areas for transporting materials and goods and taking taxes from the ships passing through them, but rather to the stage of actual participation in the production of commercial materials and in the creation of many Arab merchants who contributed effectively to the commercial process or through what it produces from agricultural, industrial or economic production or through the commercial activities it has undertaken.

The important outcome that resulted from this development was the restoration of the centers that were in the ancient past during the time of the Assyrians and Babylonians, their importance, position and commercial reputation, as well as the emergence of other centers and cities that emerged because of their occurrence on the trade route coming from India, China and Africa to Baghdad, the most important of which is the city of Basra, the Gulf heart And the city of Hajar, Sahar, Dibba, Dareen and Nizwa …We can decide that the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia and the coasts of eastern Africa was carried out first by Muslim merchants from the people of the Gulf in the first place who roamed these areas and settled in them after the seventh century AH and they were active and strong social and commercial relations, and secondly by the Muslim jurists who followed or accompanied Islamic communities in these areas.

The influence of the people of the Gulf in these areas extended to include other cultural and civilizational aspects.

It appears that commercial activity and profits from it reached in the fourth century AH tenth century AD a high one and concludes from geographical sources that Oman was a major center for trade in this continent and its prosperity is due to being the center of maritime trade with India, the Far East and Africa first and then to the precious commodities that were passing through it that would generate great profits for it.