إشكالية الهجرة غير الشرعية بضفتي المجال المتوسطي و جذورها التاريخية بين عوامل الطرد و الجذب خلال القرن 20م : المغرب نموذجا

Abstract EN

The issue of Illegal migration in the Mediterranean sphere has been considered one of the most serious problems constantly facing Mediterranean countries for multiple reasons and considerations.

The problems caused by this phenomenon, both in the sending and receiving countries, obviously affect the economic, social and cultural specificities of these countries, and, in consequence, constitute a major threat to their national security and economic specificities, as well as their social and political interests.

As for migration in the Mediterranean, the post-cold-war period has been a crucial stage in the development of new migration features, characterized by a large flow of migration from the South, divided into three interrelated and interconnected time stations, from pre-1985, 1985 and 1995, to the post-1995 security phase in which European countries have resorted to a tight security policy through the implementation of the new Immigration Law, which is based on strict measures on family reunification.

Morocco, like other Maghreb countries, suffers from the phenomenon of migration.

This is because of its strategic location on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, which has always been an open front to Europe and a space for a dialogue of civilization and human communication through legal migration.

However, Morocco has witnessed a special turning point in the growing aspect of clandestine immigration through the phenomenon of the so-called "boats of death." As a consequence, illegal immigration to Europe has increased more clearly with the closure of the Spanish border in the face of Moroccans, which ultimately transforms the Strait of Gibraltar into a cemetery for young Moroccan victims of clandestine immigration.

It follows that the problem of immigration has been at the forefront of political and media discourse since 1991, and because Spain has imposed a visa on those wishing to enter its territory, it did not preclude access to Europe, either legally or illegally.